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The essential difference between O-rings and sealing rings:
Content
1. Subordinate relationship:
O-rings: A basic subcategory within the broader category of sealing rings, specifically referring to rubber rings with a circular cross-section, highly standardized (e.g., AS568 series).
Sealing rings: A broad, general term encompassing all ring-shaped elements used to prevent leakage, including O-rings, oil seals, and plug seals.
2. Structural Differences
| Characteristic | O-Ring | Other Sealing Rings (e.g. Oil Seal) |
|---|---|---|
| Cross-Section Profile | Circular (round) | Prof Circular (round) |
| Reinforcement Structure | ||
| Reinforcement Structure | Homogeneous elastomer(no embedded elements) | Metal casing/backing + elastomeric lipHelical spring for lip energization |
| Sealing Mechanism | Sealing Mechanism | Radial compression(fills groove via squeeze) |
3. Application Scenarios
O-ring Dominant Scenarios:
Static Sealing: Hydraulic valve block end caps, flange interfaces
Low-speed reciprocating motion: Pneumatic cylinders (speed < 0.5m/s)
Low-pressure rotation: Knob shaft seals (pressure < 5MPa)
Other sealing ring irreplaceable scenarios:
High-speed rotation: Motor bearing seals (>1000rpm) → Oil seals
High-pressure reciprocating motion: Excavator hydraulic cylinders (>20MPa) → U-rings
Axial space limited: Compact - Axial space limited: Compact gearboxes → Plug seals
4. Failure Mode Comparison
Typical O-ring Failures:
High-Pressure Extrusion: Poor groove design causes the rubber material to be squeezed into the gap and sheared.
Installation Twisting: Twisting during assembly generates spiral cracks.
Typical Oil Seal Failures:
Lip Wear: Shaft eccentricity leads to unilateral wear and leakage.
Spring Dislodgement: Vibration causes the energy-boosting spring to jump out and fail.
5. Differences in Installation Requirements
O-ring Installation Rules:
Groove Dimension Tolerance ≤ ±0.05mm
Non-hand Operation is Prohibited (Sweat Accelerates Aging)
Lubrication is Required (Silicone Grease Coating Rate ≥ 90%)
Oil Seal Installation Guidelines:
Use a Special Fixture for Press Installation (Prevents Skeleton Deformation)
Lip Direction Facing the Sealing Medium Side (Reverse Direction Will Cause Leakage)
Shaft End Chamfer ≥ 15° (Prevents Lip Cutting)
6. Impact of Maintenance Costs
| Failure Type | O-Ring Replacement | Oil Seal Replacement |
|---|---|---|
| Labor Cost | Bolt removal → Direct swap(0.5h typical) | Bearing/shaft disassembly →Press-fitting with heating (2h+ minimum) |
| Collateral Damage Risk | Low(seal components only) | High(potential shaft/bearing damage) |
| Emergency Response | Temporary wrapping withplumber's tape | No field-repairable solution |
